This paper explores the structural, ethical, and regulatory impediments to effective privacy protection in the healthcare sector, conceptualised as the “triangle of death for medical data privacy.” The triangle comprises three mutually reinforcing elements: (1) the irresistible convenience of insecure digital tools for healthcare professionals; (2) the underdeveloped privacy risk perception among patients; and (3) an accountability vacuum in regulatory enforcement. While European laws like the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) are in place, real-world practices, especially the use of WhatsApp by clinical staff, illustrate the systemic failure to protect sensitive patient data. Using this case study, the paper shows how informal technological workarounds are at risk of normalising privacy violations in medical settings. The final section proposes structural remedies, including third-party auditing and the development of usable, compliant platforms.
Privacy in healthcare is not just a regulatory concern but a moral imperative grounded in respect for autonomy, dignity, and the trust relationship between doctor and patient. When medical data is mishandled, individuals can face tangible harms (discrimination, financial loss, reputational damage) as well as the erosion of their agency over sensitive information. In the age of AI, digital infrastructures have exponentially expanded the possibilities for data sharing and…
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